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New Structural Features for Collateralised Loan Obligations
April 2012
2011 saw a revival of offerings of collateralised loan obligations ("CLOs"), one of the structured credit products that proved resilient during the credit crisis. CLOs primarily invest in loans to noninvestment grade commercial and industrial enterprises and, unlike collateralised debt obligations ("CDOs") which invested in mortgage-backed securities, CLOs suffered few events of default and still fewer liquidations that resulted in losses to investors. Although the ratings of many CLO notes were downgraded during the credit crisis, the rating agencies raised the ratings of CLO notes in 2011 because of the improved credit quality of the underlying loan portfolios and changes in the ratings methodology for CLOs. Notwithstanding this favourable track record, managers and investors identified deficiencies in the indentures of CLOs issued before 2009. Changes in regulations and tax law also required adaptations in CLO indentures. As a result, structural changes have been made in the governing documents for CLOs issued in 2011 and early 2012.
This chapter appeared in the 2012 edition of The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Securitisation; published by Global Legal Group Ltd, London.
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On June 28, 2024, the US Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) issued a notice of proposed rulemaking that would amend existing anti-money laundering/countering the financing of terrorism (“AML/CFT”) program[1] regulations to require that financial institutions establish, implement and maintain effective, risk-based and reasonably designed AML/CFT programs with certain minimum components, including a mandatory risk assessment process (hereinafter, “Proposed Rule”).[2] For purposes of the Proposed Rule, “financial institutions” include: banks; broker dealers; mutual funds; futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) and introducing brokers in commodities (“IB-Cs”); insurance companies; money services businesses (“MSBs”); casinos and card clubs; dealers in precious metals, precious stones or jewels; operators of credit card systems; loan or finance companies; and housing government sponsored enterprises.[3] In addition to establishing minimum risk assessment requirements for these AML/CFT programs, the Proposed Rule would require that financial institutions document each component of their AML/CFT programs and make this documentation available to FinCEN or its designee, which can include the appropriate agency to which FinCEN has delegated examination authority,[4] or the appropriate SRO.[5] The Proposed Rule would also require that these AML/CFT programs be approved and overseen by the financial institution’s board of directors or, if the financial institution does not have a board of directors, an equivalent governing body.
Alerts
On June 28, 2024, the US Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) issued a notice of proposed rulemaking that would amend existing anti-money laundering/countering the financing of terrorism (“AML/CFT”) program[1] regulations to require that financial institutions establish, implement and maintain effective, risk-based and reasonably designed AML/CFT programs with certain minimum components, including a mandatory risk assessment process (hereinafter, “Proposed Rule”).[2] For purposes of the Proposed Rule, “financial institutions” include: banks; broker dealers; mutual funds; futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) and introducing brokers in commodities (“IB-Cs”); insurance companies; money services businesses (“MSBs”); casinos and card clubs; dealers in precious metals, precious stones or jewels; operators of credit card systems; loan or finance companies; and housing government sponsored enterprises.[3] In addition to establishing minimum risk assessment requirements for these AML/CFT programs, the Proposed Rule would require that financial institutions document each component of their AML/CFT programs and make this documentation available to FinCEN or its designee, which can include the appropriate agency to which FinCEN has delegated examination authority,[4] or the appropriate SRO.[5] The Proposed Rule would also require that these AML/CFT programs be approved and overseen by the financial institution’s board of directors or, if the financial institution does not have a board of directors, an equivalent governing body.